1. Charger
The charger is a device for supplementing the battery with electric energy, generally divided into two-stage charging mode and three-stage charging mode. Two-stage charging mode: constant voltage charging first, the charging current gradually decreases with the rise of the battery voltage, and after the battery power is replenished to a certain level, the battery voltage will rise to the set value of the charger, and then it will switch to trickle charging. Three-stage charging mode: At the beginning of charging, first charge with constant current to quickly replenish energy for the battery; after the battery voltage rises, switch to constant voltage charging, at this time the battery energy is slowly replenished, and the battery voltage continues to rise; reach the end-of-charge voltage of the charger When the value is lower, turn to trickle charging to maintain the battery and supply the self-discharge current of the battery.
2. Battery
Batteries are on-vehicle energy sources that provide energy for electric vehicles, and electric vehicles mainly use lead-acid battery combinations. In addition, nickel-hydrogen batteries and lithium-ion batteries have also been used in some light and foldable electric vehicles.
Tips for use: The main control board of the controller is the main circuit of the electric vehicle, which has a large working current and generates large heat. Therefore, do not park the electric vehicle in the sun or expose it to the rain for a long time, so as to avoid the failure of the controller.
3. Controller
The controller is the part that controls the speed of the motor and is also the core of the electrical system of the electric vehicle. It has the functions of undervoltage, current limiting or overcurrent protection. The intelligent controller also has a variety of riding modes and the self-check function of the electrical components of the vehicle. The controller is the core component of electric vehicle energy management and various control signal processing.
4. Turn handle, brake handle
The handle, brake handle, etc. are the signal input parts of the controller. The handlebar signal is the driving signal for the electric vehicle motor to rotate. The brake handle signal is an electrical signal output from the internal electronic circuit of the brake handle to the controller when the electric vehicle brakes; after the controller receives this signal, it will cut off the power supply to the motor, thereby realizing the brake power-off function.
5. Power assist sensor
The power assist sensor is a device that detects the pedal force back to the pedal speed signal when the electric vehicle is in the power assist state. The controller automatically matches manpower and electricity according to the electric drive power, and jointly drives the electric vehicle to rotate. The most trendy power sensor is the central axis bilateral torque sensor, which is characterized by the ability to collect the pedal force on the left and right sides, and adopts a non-contact electromagnetic signal collection method, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of signal collection.
6. Motor
The most important accessory of an electric bicycle is the motor. The motor of an electric bicycle basically determines the performance and grade of the vehicle. Most of the motors used in electric bicycles are high-efficiency rare earth permanent magnet motors, which are mainly divided into three types: high-speed brush-tooth + wheel gear motor, low-speed brush motor and low-speed brushless motor.
The motor is a component that converts battery electrical energy into mechanical energy and drives the electric wheels to rotate. There are many kinds of motors used in electric vehicles in terms of mechanical structure, speed range and electrification form. Common ones are: brushed hub motor with gear, brushed hub motor without gear, brushless hub motor without gear, brushless hub motor with gear, high disk motor, side mounted motor, etc.
7. Lamps and instruments
Lamps and instruments are a combination of components that provide lighting and display the status of electric vehicles. The instrument generally provides battery voltage display, vehicle speed display, riding status display, lamp status display, etc. The intelligent instrument can also display the fault conditions of the electrical components of the vehicle.
